STEREOPYPING

What is a stereotype? Stereotypes are qualities assigned to groups of people related to their race, nationality, and sexual orientation, to name a few. Because they generalize groups of people in manners that lead to discrimation and ignore the diversity within groups, stereotypes should be avoided.


Examples: 


►All African American are good at sports.

►Italian and French are the best lovers.








►All teenagers are rebels.









►Blond girls are unintelligent. 




 
►Spain is a country made of gypsies dancing flamenco everywhere.










►Old people are grumpy.









Any time you group races or individuals together and make a judgment about them without knowing them, this is an example of a stereotype. Racial remarks, sexual remarks, and gender remarks are the biggest stereotypes.

Stereotyping is not only hurtful, it is also wrong. Even if it is correct in some cases, constantly putting someone down based on your preconceived perceptions will not encourage them to succeed. 

Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. 

Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people.

Stereotypes reduce a wide range of differences in people to simplistic categorizations. They can transform assumptions about particular groups of people into “realities”. They can be used to justify the position of those in power or perpetuate social prejudice and inequality.

In addition, stereotyping can encourage bullying behavior that children carry into adulthood. 

Stereotyping can also lead people to live lives driven by hate, and can cause the victims of those stereotypes to be driven by fear. For example, many gays and lesbians are afraid to admit their sexuality in fear of being judged.

More often than not, the groups being stereotyped have little to say about how they are represented.

We should educate ourselves and people around us that stereotyping often is the result of general ignorance of another person's culture customs and norms. We can avoid it by learning about differences and similarities between the cultures.

READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITIES

A. Find words in the text that mean:

1. One of the main groups that human can be divided into according to their physical differences, for example the colour of their skin.                                    
2. The practice of treating someone or particular group in society less fairly than others.                                                                                       
3. The ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to do                                                                                       
4. The main ways people receive information and entertainment as television, radio, newspapers, and internet.                                                                         
5. A belief or feeling that something is true, although there is no proof. (PLURAL)                                                                                                           
6. The bad feeling that you have when you are in danger or when a particular thing frightens you.                                                                           

B. True or false? Correct the wrong ones 

1. We only stereotype people when we have known them. 
2. Advertising, entertainment and news industries never stereotype. 
3. There is no relation between stereotyping and bullying. 
4. We cannot avoid stereotyping.
5. We should know more about other people´s cultures.

C. Are these stereotypes or realities?

1. Girls are only concerned about physical appearance.
2. Only anorexic women can become models.
3. Some teenagers are rebels.
4. Girls are not good at sports.
5. Chinese people always eat rice.
6. If somebody wear belts, belt buckles, jewlery, sunglasses, and hats they are part of a rock band, they are depressed or they take drugs. 
7. Some children don't eat vegetables.
8. Men drive cars better than women.

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

We use the comparative and superlative to compare and contrast people or things. This guide provides structures, examples, and practice.

 

To use the comparative and superlative it is essential to know and undetstand adjectives in English. Click HERE to find a list of adjectives if you need to enlarge your vocabulary.

There are different degrees in the comparison of adjectives: positive degree, comparative degree, and superlative degree. 

Possitive degree: the simplest form.
Comparative degree: comparing two things or people. 
Superlative degree: comparing three or more things or people.

Examples: 
Positive                     Comparative                  Superlative
large                          larger                             the largest
careful                       more careful                 the most careful

HOW TO COMPARE

1. Add -er or -est to the short adjectives of one syllable.

Positive                    Comparative                 Superlative
tall                             taller than                      the tallest            
long                           longer than                   the longest
old                             older than                     the oldest


Examples:

• Mary is taller than Max.
• Mary is the tallest of all the students.
• Max is older than John.
• Of the three students, Max is the oldest.
• My hair is longer than your hair.
• Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.

2. Short adjectives (one syllable) that end in -e, add -r for the comparative form or -st for the superlative form.


Positive                    Comparative                 Superlative

large                         larger than                    the largest          

wise                          wiser than                     the wisest

safe                           safer than                    the safest

Examples:

• Mary's car is larger than Max's car.
• Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.
• Max is wiser than his brother.
• Max is the wisest person I know.
• This road is safer than that.
• This road is the safest of all the roads in this zone.

3. One-syllable adjectives that end with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add –est for the superlative form.

Positive                    Comparative                 Superlative

big                             bigger than                   the biggest          

thin                            thinner than                  the thinnest

fat                             fatter than                     the fattest

Examples:

• My dog is bigger than your dog.
• My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.
• Max is thinner than John.
• Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.
• My mother is fatter than your mother.
• Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.

4. Two-syllable adjectives which end in -y, change the -y to -i and add -er for the comparative form or -est for the superlative form. 


Positive                    Comparative                 Superlative

happy                        happier than                 the happiest          

angry                         angrier than                 the angriest

busy                          busier than                   the busiest

Examples: 

• John is happier today than he was yesterday.
• John is the happiest boy in the world.
• Max is angrier than Mary.
• Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.
• Mary is busier than Max.
• Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.

5. Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the comparative and superlative forms.

Positive                    Comparative                 Superlative

happy                        happier than                 the happiest          

angry                         angrier than                 the angriest

busy                          busier than                   the busiest

Examples:

• The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
• This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
• Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
• Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

6. Long adjectives (two syllables of more) add more/less* or most/least.

* MORE/MOST + ; LESS/LEAST -

Positive                Comparative                    Superlative

peaceful               more peaceful than         the most peaceful
careful                  more careful                    the most careful
thoughful              more thoughtul                 the most thoughtful

Examples:

• This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
• Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.
• Max is more careful than Mike.
• Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.
• Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
• Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.

 

 If you are not sure if the adjective is long or short, you can check a dictionary or you can trust your ears!

EXCEPTIONS

► Irregular adjectives

Irregular Adjective	Comparative	Superlative Form
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
far	farther	farthest
little	less	least
many	more	most

Examples:

• Italian food is better than American food.
• My dog is the best dog in the world.
• My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.
• Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

►  Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most.

Two-Syllable Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
clever	cleverer	cleverest
clever	more clever	most clever
gentle	gentler	gentlest
gentle	more gentle	most gentle
friendly	friendlier	friendliest
friendly	more friendly	most friendly
quiet	quieter	quietest
quiet	more quiet	most quiet
simple	simpler	simplest
simple	more simple	most simple

Examples:

• Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
• Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
• Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.
• Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.

► Incomparable adjectives. Some adjectives cannot be compared because their simplest form expresses their only degree possible. 

Some incomparable adjectives are: perfect, unique, fatal, universal, dead, wrong, straight, blind, final, vertical, right, left.   

 LET'S PRACTISE NOW!!

  

Click on the links below to practise comparative and superlative:

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5 

EXERCISE 6

EXERCISE 7

EXERCISE 8

EXERCISE 9 - Print it and hand it in to your teacher

  If you need more examples of comparatives and superlatives, watch these slides    Comparatives And Superlatives

View more PowerPoint from Nines Picado

 

 

JOKE OF THE WEEK

THE JOKE - Number of languages you speak

A woman asks: A person who speaks two languages is bilingual… A person who speaks three languages is trilingual... A person who speaks four or more languages is multilingual.What do you call a person who speaks one language? 

A man answers: An American.

☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺

WHY IS IT FUNNY?

Because when you answer the question ‘what do you call a person who speaks one language’ you expect a technical answer such as bilingual or trilingual. Instead the answer is ‘an American’, which plays on the popular stereotype that Americans only know one language and do not bother to take the time to learn another. 

Remember: People from United States call themselves American.

  
Stereotype = an idea about someone or something which is based on presumptions rather than fact.  

QUESTION: How many languages can you speak?
 

 

RETRIEVED FROM WOODWARD ENGLISH

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JESSY & ROGER WATERS

Jessica Carrillo, a student of mine in Comercial 12 in 4th year,  had the priviledge to share time with a monster of music, Roger Waters, who came to Argentina in March 2012. Of course, this is not just coincidence, it is the result of her hard work with the world of music and her high performance with an instrument she loves, the violin. 

I want to share with you an album I prepared for Jessy. I hope you like it.

Get this widget at roytanck.com

Jessy, this is only for you: I know how strongly you feel about music, and how long you have been working to improve with it. With no help, you got someone like Roger Waters pay attention on you. And you see that your determination has made you reach your goal. 

You deserve to be proud of your achievement. May your future efforts be equally successful and rewarding. The honor to be selected to be with Roger Waters was not for everyone. It was you, my baby, who he looked at, who he talked to and wanted to play with you. I hope this honor indicates a promising future in your career.

You are an example of how commitment and hard work pay off. You are an angel! I wish you the very best!

For those ones who want to share some music with Jessy and Roger Waters, HERE and HERE the links.


I want to see photos of your Córdoba performance, Jessy! And, of course, STUDY ENGLISH at school or I'll kill you! 


All my love, kisses and a big hug!!!!!


Ms. Liliana Lo Preiato

And... if you want to share more info about Roger Waters Tour 2012, The Wall Live, in Argentina click HERE. 

PROJECT EPALS

During this first term of the year a group of students of 5° C and Sebastián Gonzalez de 5° A have been working with a project called ePals. This is a social learning network  that allows students all over the world to communicate and share experiencies easily.

They have been exchanging emails with students in the United States of America who attend High School in Yorktown, Virginia.

We have already finished our work but friendship still lasts among some of the participants in this project. 

Some of our students have recently received home-made videos from their epals who learn Spanish as a foreign language at school. And here we have two photos of them working at their school:

I would like to thank to my students for their really committed work. They are:

Daniela Corvino, Denisse Polla, Sebastián Gonzalez, Julián Magne, Santiago Reinoso, Lucas Failla, Sebastián Burgos, Agustina Sanchez, Valeria Fernández, Gonzalo Cavalli, Florencia Aguirre, Lucas Abbondándolo, 
and Lucas Veltri.

To all of them my congratulations, and I commend each of you for your dedication and hard work. Maybe sometimes things did not work as we expected but I am really proud of you and I appreciate your performance in the school project. 

Good luck with these new relationships, my babies!! 


Ms. Liliana Lo Preiato

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

We have already learnt Simple Past and Past Continuous. If you want to revise the tenses, watch the slides below.

PAST SIMPLE vs PAST CONTINUOUS

View more PowerPoint from Carmen Maza

AND NOW...

Click on the exercises below to review and practice past simple and past continuous tenses.

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5

SAY & TELL

These two verbs have similar meanings, but they are not always used in the same way.
 
The main difference between them is the order of the complements after the verbs:
 
Say something to someone.
          D.O.               I.O.
Tell someone something
          I.O.           D.O.
 
So, say is usually followed by the direct object, while tell needs an indirect object first.

Say and tell are both used in direct and indirect speech, but we must point out a few things:

 

• In direct speech, say can introduce statements, exclamations and questions, tell can only introduce statements. Inversion of say and noun subject is possible when it follows the statement. Mary said: "What a beautiful morning! = "What a beautiful morning!" said Mary. (Notice the subject-verb inversion). However, there is no inversion with tell.
• In indirect speech, both say and tell can be used in statements, but not in questions. Other verbs such as ask, inquire, wonder or want to know can be used. "Where do you live?" He asked me where I lived.
• In reported commands, requests or advice, we can use tell, but say is not possible. "Could you open the window, please?" He told her to open the window.

There are expressions in which these two verbs are not interchangeable. These are collocations and they must be learnt by heart:

 

SAY	TELL
yes	the truth
no	a lie
something	a joke
a prayer	the time
a word	a story
hello	a secret
goodbye	the difference

 AND...

WHY ARE YOU LOOKING DOWN HERE? IT'S YOUR TURN TO SAY SOMETHING!!







ACTIVITIES

Click on the links below and practise SAY & TELL

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5